The ordinary photon is a member of the boson family.
Within the chemically rich liquid oceans, by a mechanism yet to be discovered, organic molecules transitioned to self-replicating life.
The word “lepton” derives from the Greek leptos, meaning “light” or “small.
Swiss-American astrophysicist Fritz Zwicky.
During the quark–lepton era the universe was dense enough for the average separation between unattached quarks to rival the separation between attached quarks.
Had Earth been much closer to the Sun, the oceans would have evaporated. Had Earth been much farther away, the oceans would have frozen. In either case, life as we know it would not have evolved.
These early, single-celled organisms unwittingly transformed Earth’s carbon dioxide-rich atmosphere into one with sufficient oxygen to allow aerobic organisms to emerge and dominate the oceans and land.
Ordinary matter is what we are all made of. It has gravity and interacts with light. Dark matter is a mysterious substance that has gravity but does not interact with light in any known way. Dark energy is a mysterious pressure in the vacuum of space that acts in the.
The National Air and Space Museum is unlike any other place on this planet. If you’re hosting visitors from another country and they want to know what single museum best captures what it is to be American, this is the museum you take them to. Here they can see the 1903 Wright Flyer, the 1927 Spirit of St. Louis, the 1926 Goddard rocket, and the Apollo 11 command module – silent beacons of exploration, of a few people willing to risk their lives for the sake of discovery. Without.
This general flattening of objects that rotate is why Earth’s pole-to-pole diameter is smaller than its diameter at the equator. Not by much: three-tenths of one percent – about twenty-six miles.
Three quarks for Muster Mark!” One thing quarks do have going for them: all their names are simple – something chemists, biologists, and especially geologists seem incapable of achieving when naming their own stuff.
Since four coordinates are needed, we know that we live in a four-dimensional universe.
I claim no special knowledge of when the end of science will come, or where the end might be found, or whether an end exists at all. What I do know is that our species is dumber than we normally admit to ourselves. This limit of our mental faculties, and not necessarily of science itself, ensures to me that we have only just begun to figure out the universe.
So lambda’s sole job was to oppose gravity within Einstein’s model, keeping the universe in balance, resisting the natural tendency for gravity to pull the whole universe into one giant mass.
The exact orbit of Earth is controlled by the Sun’s mass and the mass of all remaining planets. An object’s mass and its distance is all we need to know to completely determine the effects of its gravity on Earth.
And yes, every one of our body’s atoms is traceable to the big bang and to the thermonuclear furnaces within high-mass stars that exploded more than five billion years ago. We are stardust brought to life, then empowered by the universe to figure itself out – and we have only just begun.
Our planet Earth has a diameter of 0.04 light-seconds. Neptune’s orbit spans 8 light-hours. The stars of the Milky Way galaxy delineate a broad, flat disk about 100,000 light-years across. And the Virgo supercluster of galaxies, to which the Milky Way belongs, extends some 60 million light-years.
It is often true that groundbreaking discoveries are made from poor data at the leading edge.
There are people, who walk around every day, asserting that we are alone in this cosmos. They simply have no concept of large numbers, no concept of the size of the cosmos.
Look unto the stars to teach us How the master’s thoughts can reach us Each one follows Newton’s math Silently along its path.